Evidence in the dictionary wars

A few varied titles deserve brief mention.

"Levi's Round-Up of Western Lingo" is a colorful promotional leaflet for Levi Strauss and Co. Undated (roughly 1940-1960) the text is a glossary of cowboy terms written by Ramon Adams. The advertisement consists of a single sheet folded to make 12 small pages. The cover panel shows two clean-cut, smiling cowboys, one sitting on a fence and the other leaning against it, both wearing Levi's. On the foot of the rear panel there is a space for printing the name and location of a particular store where the jeans can be bought.

Next is a book by L. M. Griffiths entitled Medical Philology. A 12mo., published by J. W. Arrowsmith in Bristol in 1905, it contains excerpts from the Bristol Medico-Chirurgical Journal, Part I (A-El) only. These passages discuss medical words found in the landmark English dictionaries of the fifteenth through the nineteenth centuries, with ample citations and critical commentary. The book gives textured treatment to each of these words, and much to savor.

The first two issues of a newspaper called The Springfield Musket, dated November 26 and December 21, 1864, respectively, came from Springfield, Massachusetts, with an editorial board of four women. The paper was "published at the fair for the soldiers' rest." Each issue contains two columns comprising half of a jocular glossary, and each entry is illustrated by a droll pictorial cut. One can well imagine soldiers chuckling as they read the paper.

A Dictionarie in English and Latine for Children, and Yonge Beginners, by John Withals, was first published in 1553 and went through numerous editions. On hand is a late edition of 1602, augmented by William Clerk. It has an elaborately decorative title page and a vivid text, with the English entries printed in black type. One leaf, possibly the last or possibly a frontispiece, has long ago been affixed to the rear pastedown. At the foot is the legend "Thomas Purfoote," the name of the printer, under a woodcut of a handsomely coiffed well-dressed woman using a sword to stab herself beneath the breast. Since Thomas Purfoote had his shop in St. Paul's churchyard "at the signe of the Lucrece," it can easily be assumed that the woodcut is a portrait of Lucretia.

A series of pamphlets and magazine articles—some few dozen—many of them in my library--appeared, and raged, in the 1830s through the 1860s, arguing back and forth the case for the dictionaries of Noah Webster or those of his rival Joseph Worcester. The sometimes vitriolic writings are known popularly as "The War of the Dictionaries." The pamphlets bore titles such as: "A Gross Literary Fraud Exposed; Relating to the Publication of Worcester's Dictionary in London" (a Merriam piece); "A Summary Summing of the Charges, with Their Refutations, in Attacks Upon Noah Webster, LL.D." (another Merriam piece); and "The Critic Criticised, and Worcester Vindicated; Constituting a Review of an Article in the 'Congregationalist'" (Swan, Brewster, and Tilleston, the publishers of Worcester).